What impact do hostile environments have on Soldiers Essay

What impact do hostile environments have on Soldiers - Essay Example Over 1.5 million troops were deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq between 2002 to 2007, several of whom, more than just one time. Thus deployments such as those, usually lead to work-related and personal stress due to long working hours, family separation as well as uncertain schedules. Even on their return from these hostile environments several soldiers continue enduring emotional and mental strain as they try to readapt and cope with family and civilian life (Hall, 2015). Inspite of the above numerous pressures, there has been no significant change in the rate of reenlistment. All the same there are numerous psychological disorders related with a hostile environment in war; for instance shell shock (Combat Stress Reaction) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD).PTSD is thus a diagnosis arrived by doctors on a frequent basis for those patients that have undergone key traumas such soldiers from hostile environment, car accidents and rape(West,2012). PTSD was discovered due to the soldiers returning from the Vietnam war, even though the disorder symptoms had been all along been identified with war veterans for centuries. The real emotional effects of hostile environment on soldiers can also be extremely distressing especially to the friends and family members, because it is seen as unfair that after all they have gone through, they keep on suffering (Ausenda, 1992). The two conditions; shell shock and PTSD are basically manifestations of the attempts by the brain to deal with trauma and unable to do so adequately. Thus with PTSD, a soldier will for instance re-experience and recall the particular trauma of the hostile environment ,maybe in their dreams or even while thinking or closing their eyes. Sleeplessness is another symptom of PTSD and comes along nightmares. Thus the soldier is aware that if s/he happens to fall asleep, they could be having nightmares; hence a vicious cycle results; so as to try and keep awake for

Puerto Rican immigration and their occupational difficulties in the US Research Paper

Puerto Rican immigration and their occupational difficulties in the US - Research Paper Example 1). Moreover, it is still among the countries with high crime rates and murders have been averaged to 26.2 per 10,000 inhabitants. Therefore, the paper will seek to look into the immigration of the Puerto Ricans into the US. It will also look into their occupational difficulties and poor income. Puerto Ricans early migration to the United States was mainly a result of serious poverty levels as much as crime related issues also contributed to this effect (Hong et al p. 118). The number of migrants increased after Puerto Rico became a protectorate of the United States, thereby, improving relation ties between these countries. Migration patterns were mainly determined by the existence of industrial jobs mainly in New York City and increased as the years advanced. With the First World War at bay, approximately 1000 Puerto Ricans served as Army soldiers in the US. This number increased by the time the Second World War was happening. World War II contributed greatly towards the immigration of Puerto Ricans. It brought about economic issues in Puerto Rico leading to their immigration to the United States. The effect of the Second World War which took almost ten years caused the population of Puerto Ricans to rise to approximately two million people with the residents experiencing low living standards. Lack of employment opportunities after immigration was a major problem the Puerto Ricans faced as they settled in New York City (Mihelich p.65). The main source of employment during this period was available in garment shops in the district. There were also various jobs that were available to the immigrants in the city. Puerto Ricans who were hard working did jobs in the city’s garment shops. Moreover, illiterate immigrants did low skilled jobs in the city’s industries in order to make a living for themselves. Therefore, the insurgence of the Second World War greatly contributed to the migration patterns of the Puerto Ricans